History

Historical facts based on various subjects

Top 10 UNESCO World Heritage Sites by Country list

UNESCO world heritage sites

From the horrors of the Second World War and to propagate peace the United Nations Education Science and Culture Organization (UNESCO) emerged.
Some of the most amazing places of ancient times have been lost and isolated from the world for centuries or even thousands, scattered in jungles, deserts and agricultural fields around the globe.
The stories of abandoned towns or the revelations of the ordinary lives of people have contributed to incredible results open to the world.
Many are World Cultural Heritage sites designated by UNESCO.

10. Cesky Krumlov, Czech Republic

unesco world heritage sites by country

Benedictines of Český Krumlov were built to surround one of the best-looking castles in the Czech Republic.
The completed castle which began its construction in 1240 AD has architectural features Renaissance, Gothic, and Baroque overlays.
For over five decades, this medieval city has kept its architectural history and its riverside views, paved streets, and regular cultural events.
This picturesque small village is on the top lists of many visitors on a wider trip across the Czech Republic.
Cesky Krumlov is also home to friendly local people inside the castle, and it is a great place to meet tourists from all over the world.

Why should you visit-
Visiting this city you may feel its architectural history with eastern European culture.

9. The Nubian Monuments, Egypt

Abu Simbel is a small town with a magnificent view of the desert and lake and special fame claim to two enormous temples which were saved from the rising water of Lake Nasser.
Now Abu Simbel’s original location is well underneath the water. Once however the Aswan High Dam was completed in the 1960s and it was clear that this gem would forever be lost in rising water level, the world reacted.
The Temple of Ramses II contains four over 20 meters high Ramses statues, the Temple of Hathor one of the most preserved in Egypt, and each temple is impressive in its own right.
It was not just important for Egypt that they rescued the Nubian temples of Abu Simbel from the rising Nile, but revolutionized the overall approach to heritage conservation.
In 1968, they cut the Ramses II complex into 2,000 parts in around 1260 BC and moved to higher ground–piece by piece.
It is now the headline of a UNESCO site which included other Nubian monuments, including Philae’s shrine of Isis, and a firm conservation symbol.
The United Nations is committed to preserving and protecting the United Nations World Heritage site for future generations considering this ongoing crisis.

Why should you visit-
A deeper look into ancient Egyptian civilization & symbol it represent.

8. Cape Floral Region, South Africa

In Cape Town, South Africa there is a park called the Table Mountain National Park.
Most visitors find it a beautiful view. Table Mountain National Park, however, encompasses the Cape Peninsula area of 85 sq. m.
Most of the cape is in UNESCO World Heritage Site in the Cape Floral Protected Areas Region. More than 20 percent of the whole flora biodiversity of Africa dwells here, despite its small area.
Cape Peninsula to Cape Point is the best way to experience this habitat.

Why should you visit-Flowers everywhere, closest resemblance to paradise.

7. Hampi

unesco world heritage list

This small town is really a hidden gem in Southern India.
Hampi ruins are protected by the UNESCO because they are thought to give visitors to the temples an insightful experience.
The remains of the final great Hindu kingdom are found in this splendid city.
Temple, entrance gates, forts and more remain over 1,600 pieces, created during the Vijayanagara Empire.
The city has a rocky topography that is ideal for those who love climbing, with a landscape defined by hills, open plains, and the river Tungabhadra.

Why should you visit-
A look into classical ancient Indian architecture and its unique topography.

6. Great Barrier Reef, Australia

top 10 unesco world heritage sites

One of Australia’s best-known destinations is this incredible view for marine wildlife.
The Great Barrier Reef has a total length of over 2,300 kilometers and 900 islands!
It is Australia’s top marine attraction and is the biggest coral reef system in the world.
The reef extends for over 2,300 kilometers, from Queensland Northern to Bundaberg coastal town, and is one of the most vibrant ecosystems in the world.
It is the only living ecosystem visible from the space that is so large this network of beaches, coasts, coral cays, seagrass beds, and mangroves.

Why should you visit-
Some of the most popular things to do include SCUBA diving and snorkeling along the shimmering coral reefs, sailing around idyllic tropical islands, fishing in designated zones, peering at the abundant marine life from a glass-bottomed boat, and soaring over this magnificent natural wonder on a scenic flight.

5. Acropolis, Greece

unesco world heritage sites by country

The Acropolis is a proud monument to ancient Greece that stands over the city of Athens from its highest perch.
Built around 5th to the 4th centuries BC, the Parthenon is the most famous structure and symbol of the history of this country. It dominates the site.
The Acropolis is a powerful sight, bright daytime in the Mediterranean sun and lighted up for dramatic effects in the night just steps away from modern Athens.
The city itself is a breathtaking sight for first-time visitors to other parts of Greece, and it sets the stage for travelers.
Distinguished sculptors and architects eventually designed by architects of these monuments for theater, democracy, philosophy, speech, and freedom of expression.
The Acropolis is one of the most important ancient sites in the world and is highlighted by the Parthenon.

Why should you visit-
It’s perfect for history buffs hoping for a closer look at ancient Greek civilization.

4. Kathmandu valley, Nepal

top 10 unesco world heritage sites in the world

Central Nepal has several major historical sites that make up the UNESCO World Heritage Site in the Kathmandu Valley.
Two Buddhist stupas, two Hindu shrines, and three beautiful sites, which are the main cultural locations in Nepal would be included.
Two biggest world religions(Hinduism as 3rd, Buddhism as 4th) and the cultural heritage we have built live together in these places.
Unfortunately, a number of these sites were severely damaged or completely destroyed by an earthquake on 25 April 2015, including the Durbar Square in Kathmandu.

Why should you visit-
Ancient Hindu & Buddhist temples with magnificent natural surroundings. 

3. Yellowstone National Park, USA

We know the park for its spectacular landscape, diverse flora and fauna and fascinating wonders of geothermal life.
The world’s first national park sits on a hot spot with volcanic views, fun activities and sightseeing of wildlife.
It’s easy to see why it is one of the biggest parks in the USA, home to lush forests, hot springs, alpine rivers, geysers, and more.

Why should you visit-
Yellowstone boasts the world’s largest number of active geysers and offers a window into the powerful forces deep beneath the earth’s crust, the same forces that shaped this park and its dazzling and dramatic landscapes. The scenery ranges from snaking rivers and sweeping green valleys, to canyons, vast lakes, thundering waterfalls, and hissing lunar-like landscapes.

2. Machu Picchu, Peru

top unesco world heritage sites

Without Machu Picchu, a visit to South America is not complete. This Inca-built fortress is about 8,000 ft above sea level and is a unique experience to reach.
The natural beauty is unmatched in the Andes and Amazon Basin. You will find a rich landscape and varied flora and fauna when traveling through the clouds.
Make sure that you have a handy camera to capture old buildings, flashy views, and local llamas camels. ⠀
There’s a good cause: it’s stunning totally. Machu Picchu is a kind of amazing place where visitors can rest and catch the feeling.
Everything you see, Machu Picchu is better in general. Everything you hear. No better than to stand on the Hut and Funerary Rock of the Caretaker and take in the view.

Why should you visit-
you’ll find a rich landscape or diverse flora and fauna

1. Angkor wot,Cambodia

top 10 unesco world heritage sites

Angkor Wat in Cambodia is the largest temple in the world. This UNESCO World Heritage Site provides visitors with great insight into the evolution of adventures and how time can change things dramatically.
Angkor City is one of the most significant–and spectacular–archeological sites in Southeast Asia.
The capital of the prosperous Khmer Empire was the capital city from the 9th to 15th centuries AD.
The area is over 100 sq miles surrounded by lush forests and has an almost endless number of temples and monuments.
At sunrise, visit the famed Angkor Wat, dance along with a pool and then go to the Bayon Temple and look at the sculpted sculptures.
This architectural masterpiece is one of the most visited historic sites in the world and attracts over two million visitors a year.

Why should you visit-
Inside a look into Javan style architecture with beautiful forest around it. 

Some amazing sites have been around for hundreds of years attracting tourists and are just as interesting when first found.
It might be a cliché to say that there was never a better time to explore the world’s greatest sites.
There is a list of 1,073 locations and a new lot was added each July, thus protecting their posterity. It’s a beautiful variety, a lush treat for everyone (Naturists to Historians).
But everybody has the idea that the world is more enriching, fascinating and united.

10 Famous Leonardo da Vinci Paintings & Drawings

famous Leonardo Da Vinci Paintings

In this article we will cover most famous Leonardo da Vinci’s Paintings & Artwork.
Human history is filled with many spectacular artists like
Leonardo’s Mona Lisa and The Last Supper have distinctively held positions as the most famous and religious paintings of all time, most reproduced and copied.
In 1472 Leonardo entered the Florence Painting Guild and set up his own workshop. Leonardo, as a painter, successfully completed six artworks in Milan in 17 years.
These are Top 10 most famous Leonardo da Vinci Paintings:

10. St. Jerome

Leonardo Da Vinci Paintings

This painting of the genius is incomplete.
After plucking the thorn from Lion’s paw’s, the painting reflects Saint Jerome.
What is remarkable is that, as customary, Leonardo did not give him a beard.
In 1480, he had started painting but due to some unknown reasons, he had to stop his masterpiece.
Specialty of this painting:
At the end of his life, the picture shows St. Jerome, a hermit in the woods, alone except for his lion companion–a prevalent theme of the Renaissance.
Yet, alone, he represents the penitent saint in a time of private deep slumber in a deeply touching, intimate portrayal. As Jerome looks on his crucifix, his religious fight is over.

9. Portrait of Ginevra Benci

famous Leonardo Da Vinci Paintings

The portrait of Ginevra de Benci is the only publicly displayed painting by Leonardo housed at the National Gallery of Art in Washington DC.
It is one of Leonardo’s earliest works, completed in his early twenties, showing some unusual painting techniques he used in his life.
It is one of the first recognized paintings of Italian art for three-quarters view. In about 1474, Vinci created this & is often regarded as one of the most famous Leonardo da Vinci Paintings.
Specialty of this painting:
A palm of laurel surrounds the background of the picture the sprig of juniper, and each one of the flowers is surrounded by a phrase containing “Beauty adorns virtue.”
The truncated appearance of the opposing side suggests that the painting was cut down, possibly due to water or fire damage.

8. Lady with an Ermine

leonardo da vinci drawings

It is a painting from around 1489-1490 by Leonardo da Vinci.
Many art historians have identified the young lady of with Ermine as Cecilia Gallerani, Leonardo’s patron’s mistress, Ludovico Sforza, the Duke of Milan.
Specialty of this painting:
Although Leonardo’s knowledge of anatomy in this is painting is over proved and his capability to portray a character in posture and expression, particularly the bleak backdrop.
In its guileless characteristics, attentive eyes and a gentle touch, the girl depicts the youth and dynamic nature of the ermine.
Her slim hand shows the complex bones structure under the skin, as the skull underneath the fur shows the head of the ermine.

7. Anatomical studies

famous Leonardo Da Vinci Paintings

Leonardo in his last days was more isolated than he ever was, he used to buy bodies from local hearse centre.
He used to dissect he bodies and do extensive analysis, examine the moment and structure of various human cells. 
Specialty of these sketchworks:
Martin Clayton, the Senior Curator of the Royal Collection, is explored Leonardo’s remarkably accurate anatomical imageries, which remained hidden from the world almost 400 years after Da Vinci died.
Perhaps his most popular anatomical painting was a 100-year-old guy who said he had only hours before his death had been in perfect health.
When Leonardo dissected him to look “the cause of such a sweet death” and discovered cirrhosis in the liver and blockage of an artery in the heart describing the first-ever coronary tissue in the world.
Many argue that Leonardo had way more artworks & drawings than we had discovered yet.

6. The Virgin of the Rocks

This painting portrays the apocryphal legend that the adolescent John the Baptist met Jesus from Egypt in the desert. The artwork was developed between 1483 and 1486.
Specialty of this painting:
The first painting shows how the high Renaissance was carried on by Leonardo.
Early pictures from that era commonly portrayed figures in a fixed, stiff and distinct shape.
In a mysterious rocky landscape, a young Mary is sitting down on the floor, not on a stool.
Her body is moving — it feels like she tilts her head protecting to the baby John, who is kneeling to the left in his worship, and she feels as if she is moving him to the Christ Child to the right.
Jesus blesses John, seen from behind in a complicated position, points towards John and looks at the viewer.

5. Self Portrait

famous Leonardo Da Vinci Paintings

At around 60 years of age, Leonardo is commonly thought to have drawn the self-portrait in red chalk.
The red chalk of an ancient guy with lengthy wavy hair and beards has long been considered as a self-portrait and is so represented that it describes how the majority believe about the appearance of Leonardo.

4. Vitruvian Man

leonardo da vinci drawings

Vitruvian Man is one of Leonardo’s many notes he held on to during his aging years.
It comes followed by remarks in the perfect human proportions handed down in a book on 1st century BC by the Roman painter Vitruvius.
Specialty of this sketchwork:
The sketch shows the hypothesis that the perfect person can combine two irreconcilable forms into a circle and a square.
Leonardo solved the idea by drawing a man in two superimposed positions — one in a carriage with his arms stretched forth, and another in a circle with his feet and arms stretched out.
The work not only shows Leonardo’s efforts to comprehend significant documents but also his willingness to broaden them.
His illustrations subsequently became most iconic, partially because of his mathematical, philosophical and artistic combinations, which appear to have been a fitting sign of the Renaissance.

3. Salvator Mundi

famous Leonardo Da Vinci Paintings

Many experts noted that it represented the image of Jesus.
The rigid position, which was so distinctive from the typical sweeping postures of the master of the Renaissance.
A non-convincing image of the crystal world, which would have mirrored, if true, a twisted image of its owner, which Leonardo would have heard about.
The auctioneer further affirmed that conservators had confirmed that Leonardo made the painting of the same material that Leonardo, particularly ultramarine blue, often reserved for the rich, was a very costly, high-quality pigment.
So, it was concluded it was some rich person who hired Leonardo to make his painting.

2. Last Supper

Leonardo Da Vinci Paintings

Ludovico Sforza, the Duke of Milan and the Patron of Leonardo during his first stay in Milan, commissioned Last Supper. 
It is one of the most famous works in the world.
Specialty of this painting:
Leonardo, who was fascinated by how the personality of a man can be revealed in posture, speech, and gesture, showed a distinctive response.
The Apostles’ positions are rising, falling, extending themselves and intertwining as they seem to shout, shout, grieve and discussion around Jesus.
The work was soon disintegrated after Leonardo completed it, because of the experimental paint technique in which he employed tempera or öil paint on two preparatory stages.
But observers can still see this as a complex study of diverse human emotions, which can be disclosed in a clear narrative.

1.Mona lisa

This is the only thing that comes into your mind when you hear “a masterpiece”.
Mona Lisa is the most famous painting in the world all the time.
Every day, the Mona Lisa attracts thousands of visitors to Louvre Museum, many of whom are compelled by the mysterious gaze of the sitter and the enigmatic smile.
Specialty of this painting:
A youthful woman’s normal image modestly clothed in a slender, dim-colored veil and no jewelry could also confuse her spectators, who could ask about the hell.
The simplicity of the painting behind Leonardo is realistic. The subject’s gently shaped features show Leonardo’s method used for modeling subtle light and shadow gradations rather than lines.
Leonardo’s deliberate patience in recreating his observations is demonstrated by his delicately painted veil, beautifully crafted coats and the thorough handling of folded fabric.
The confusing expression of the woman only increases her realism.
Her smile may engage or mocking–viewers can’t find it out, because she is a sophisticated figure like a human being that simultaneously represents counter-characteristics.

Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) is regarded as one of the most important and leading painters of all times.
His works of art, distinguished by exceptional vibrant but harmonious composition and subtle shadowing techniques, had a huge impact on the preceding generations of artists.
There are many other Leonardo’s interesting facts that he was exceptionally talented as an engineer, Biologist, architect, astronomer, geologist, etc.
Share this interesting list about famous Leonardo da Vinci Paintings with your friends on social media.

Top 10 Shocking Facts about Mesopotamian civilization

mesopotamian civilization

This post is about Facts about Ancient Mesopotamia.
But, before talking about this civilization’s facts, let’s see its origins.
The word Mesopotamia originates from meso, implying middle, old Greek root phrases; and river meaning potamos.
It thus translates to ‘(land) in the middle of rivers’
Mesopotamia relates widely to the territories between the Euphrates and Tigris rivers. 
The region comprises most of the modern Iraq, Kuwait & Syria.
It was a homeland of many of the oldest significant civilizations in the world, including Sumerians, Akkadians, Assyrians, and Babylonians but we can also regard it as one of the first civilization in the world.
These are Top 10 Mesopotamia facts from ancient research:

10. Sumer was the first urban civilization in history

By 3000 BC, the Sumerian people had controlled Mesopotamia and played an important part in Mesopotamia history. 
There were several decentralized city-states in Sumer, including Eridu, Nippur, Lagash, Uruk, Kish, and Ur. 
Sumer’s most prominent city was Uruk, about 30 km eastward of Iraq’s modern Samawah town. 
It served a major position in urbanization and state formation in Mesopotamia during the so-called Uruk period & was among the first city in the region. 
The development of Uruk rendered it the biggest settlement in Mesopotamia, both in population and area. 
At its height, it had between 40,000 and 80,000 inhabitants living in 6 sq. km of the enclosed region around 2900 BC. 
The development of Uruk made it the biggest settlement in Mesopotamia, both in population and area. 

09. First Biggest Empire in the ancient world

Eannatum, a ruler of the Sumerian town of Lagash, started a military campaign to annex the different city-states in the 25th century BC. 
Ultimately, he conquered all Sumer and spread his impact beyond his borders. 
Eannatum’s empire is one of history’s first verifiable kingdoms. 
Sargon of Akkad another Mesopotamian king, established The Akkadian Empire, also recognized as Sargon the Great, and conquered Sumer around 2270 BC. 
We can regard him as Mesopotamia’s first brilliant emperor and evidence support the facts. 
He captured all southern Mesopotamia and areas of Syria, Anatolia, and Elam (west Iran). 
The Sargon-built empire was up to that stage the largest ancient empire in recorded history.
During Sargon’s regime, there were countless revolts, and its a fact that he had the world’s first skilled standing army to safeguard his empire from rebellious citizens.
After his death, Mesopotamian rulers considered him as a model for about two millennia.

08. Assyria was the first superpower nation in the world

Assyria is named after its first capital Assur on a plateau above the Tigris River in ancient Mesopotamian civilization. 
Geography has placed Assyria in an exposed position with most sides free to loot. 
Because of these neighboring nations, including the armies of Mitanni, Hittite, and Babylon constantly were a threat.
These forces defeated the Assyrians at different phases in their past and had to battle for their independence. 
This developed a reactionary effect that resulted in the development of an efficient, well-organized and powerful army,
A structure capable of coping with its neighbors’ continual violence, conflicts, and attacks.
This made the Assyrian army powerful, and they triumphed over most of-of the strong Mesopotamian states by the 8th century BC to become one of the first superpowers of the ancient world.

07. King Tiglath-Pileser 3 is regarded as a military genius

The Assyrian king Tiglath-Pileser III ruled from 745 BC to 727 BC. Considered to be one of the strongest rulers in Mesopotamian civilization.
He carried out a sequence of comprehensive changes to reorganize the military and restructure the government’s bureaucracy. 
He also developed Assyria’s first professional standing army and up to that moment made it the most efficient military power in history.
It’s also considered him as one of the most successful military commanders in the world’s history as he conquered many neighboring territories.
At his death, Assyria was the biggest kingdom in the ancient world.
Tiglath-Pileser III’s brother Sargon II captured the crown in 722 BC and governed Assyria until 705 BC. 
The Assyrian Empire achieved its highest heights under Sargon II. 

06. Invention of wheel

The wheel was first created as a potter’s wheel and has occurred around 3500 BC, contrary to popular belief.
Although the wheel first existed in ancient Mesopotamia, archaeologists found the earliest wheel called the Ljubljana Marshes Wheel in 2002 in Ljubljana, Slovenia’s capital, and dates back 5,150 years.
Ancient humans used the wheel as a luxurious transport for the rich and for agriculture, ceramic manufacturing, and processing. 
It was bases the chariot technology and other significant historical inventions.
The chariot was the first means of private transport and then; they used in wars, sports and public use for years. 
They made the oldest chariot design of a light wood with a bentwood rim.
The first chariot appeared in Mesopotamia around 3200 BC and then after used by almost every civilization after, they used chariots for kings and wealthy private commute.

05. World's First Accountants Counted on Cuneiform

People recorded information about their agricultural goods—including domestic animals and plants in the form of small clay tokens. 
Scholars believe that the written form of language that we use to pass this information along today evolved out of this simple accounting technique.
On cave ceilings, upper Paleolithic individuals left tally marks and cut hash marks on portable sticks. 
But, Clay tokens provided more data, including what commodity they counted, a significant leap forward in storing and retrieving information. 
Urban towns flourished during the Uruk era in Mesopotamia [4000–3000 BC] and accounting administrative requirements increased. 
In Mesopotamian culture, production of secondary commodities such as wool, clothing, metals, honey, bread, oil, alcoholic beverages, rope, furniture, jewelry, tools, perfume required accounting, and the number of tokens used increased in 3300 BCE. 
During the Late Uruk era [3500–3100 BCE], accountants started to maintain tokens inline globular clay envelopes called bullae.
Bullae are hollow clay balls about 5–9 cm (2–4 inches) in diameter: they kept tokens inside the box and the opening later sealed. 
About 150 of these clay envelopes are recovered from excavation sites of Mesopotamian civilization. 

04. Concept of Urbanization

Mesopotamians developed the concept of urbanization for the first time. 
Human beings began to live in a particular location instead of scavenging or hunting for the first time in history.
Agriculture’s creation enabled feeding more individuals and livestock living in one place. 
People taught to trade, and the notion of taxes evolved with it.
Mesopotamia emerged as one of the world’s first sun-dried brick-built towns. 
Urbanization in Mesopotamia began in the Uruk era (4300–3100 BC) and massive mud-brick houses built around 3200 BC was the biggest colony ever to be built in human culture. 
Huge fortifications constructed by King Gilgamesh surrounded the town.

03. It is regarded as in Mesopotamia writing was invented

The cuneiform writing system is also not an alphabet, and it doesn’t have letters.
Instead, it used between 600 and 1,000 characters to write words or syllables which was one of the earliest forms of writings used in ancient Mesopotamia.
Sumerian and Akkadian are the two primary scripts published in Cuneiform, although more than we record a handful of others.
This implies that we could use it to write Chinese, Hungarian or English pretty well today.
The first stage used basic pictures that were also used to record syllables soon.
Reading the letters of other people, particularly when they are 4,000 years old and written in such an attractive and sensitive format, is absolutely fascinating.

02. Marriage,Sex & Love

Marriage was of essential significance in ancient Mesopotamia culture because it guaranteed the continuity of the bloodline and offered social balance.
Human relations in ancient Mesopotamia were as difficult and complex as those today, and the emotion of affection was a component of that nature.
There are poems, like of Akkadian composition around 1750 BCE, which portrays two couples arguing that the female believes
that the boy has an affair with someone and that he has to convince her she is the only one. 
Ultimately, after poetic discussing the issue, the pair reconciles, and it’s clarified that they will stay comfortably together now.
While romantic love played a role in Mesopotamian weddings, marriage was a legal contract between the father of the bride and to be the groom.
More commonly, it was between two families according to the customs and standards of Mesopotamian culture. 
(Its called dowry; Fathers gave the bride to the groom’s family who paid the highest price to them.)
To be considered legal, the wedding celebration had to include a feast. 
For the pair to be legally married, the marriage procedure had five phases to be noted: 
1.Engagement / marriage agreement; 
2.Payment of the bride and groom parents to each other (gift and wife price); ceremony/feast; 
3.Bride shifting to the house of her husband/in-laws; 
4.Sexual intercourse between the bride and the pair expected to be a virgin on their wedding night and become pregnant. 
Mesopotamian rituals and practices may seem odd, or even unfair, to a Western modern-day mind.
The ancient world’s humans were no distinct from those who live today. 
Many modern weddings started with a promise, end sadly, while many others struggled initially but last a lifetime.

01. Mesopotamian Cult & Witch-craft

Researchers have encountered at a Kars symposium called “Ani’s Underground Secrets” to explore the underground world of the city listed in old carvings as the place of an old esoteric school in Mesopotamia. 
At its peak, Ani rivaled in size and importance the likes of Constantinople, Baghdad, and Cairo.
Ani had risen to over 100, 000 people by the 11th century in Mesopotamian civilization. 
It would become the battlefield for different contending empires, resulting in its destruction and abandonment.  
Today, hundreds of ancient churches, Zoroastrian temples, and other structures stay spread across the rough and desolate landscape, most of them in ruins. 
It was the beginning of a discovery of water streams, unexplored monk cells, meditation chambers, big hallways, complex tunnels, pits, and corners beneath the remains of Ani’s old Armenian city. 
They found a papyrus fragment in a place in one chamber. In an ancient Armenian language, the document was written in some strange text, 
The first sign that Ani’s hidden world was very old.
Archeologists put together the significance of the strange text after a while.
They learned that the text was a cult message written from one monk to another monk.
Demonology, Black Magic & Cult was some common practice in Mesopotamia. In fact, they considered a popular demonic entity named Pazuzu (also popular in many modern horror movies) the demon king in ancient religions.

Just like the Mesopotamian civilization, there is another ancient civilization called Indus Valley civilization and it is as old as Mesopotamia.
It just fascinates and intrigues me to know about our ancestors yet see how far we have come from them.
If you loved this post and found this very informative you can share this with your friends to let them know about our origins.

Top 10 Best Presidents who made the US Superpower

Top 10 best presidents

This list post is about Top 10 Best Presidents in the World who made the US global superpower.
Leaders are not iconic; they are people like you and me, but with some distinctions. 
We are talking about the most powerful position in that world before and now, President of the United States.
Does it mean that all American presidents are best in the world in terms of presidential rankings? 
Winning an election is not an easy task? isn’t it?
Here, the case is a bit different, winning an election is a different thing and leading a super-power is different.
Of the men who have held the U.S. president’s office, historians agree that there are only a few who are most loved and can be ranked in American history. 
These are the Top 10 best Presidents of America:

10. Andrew Jackson

Top 10 best presidents

Starting from the tenth spot of our best American presidents list,
Is the first populist president of the nation, Andrew Jackson (March 4, 1829-March 4, 1837), known as “Old Hickory.”
As a self-styled man of the people, during the War of 1812 and later against the Seminole Indians in Florida, Jackson gained fame at the Battle of New Orleans.
His first presidential run in 1824 finished in a small loss to John Quincy Adams, but four years later, in a landslide, Jackson won the Presidency.
While in office, Jackson demolished the United States’ Second Bank, putting an end to federal attempts to regulate the economy.
At a staggering odds to be killed, Jackson was the target of the first attempted presidential assassination in US history.
Once, in April 1781 he, along with his brother was arrested by British reason being our future president declined when an officer ordered Jackson to clean his shoes. 
The angry officer drew his sword and slit the left hand of Jackson to the bone and gashed his head, leaving a lasting scar.

09. Harry Truman

presidential rankings

Harry S. Truman (April 12, 1945-January 20, 1953) took office after serving as vice president during the final term of office of Franklin Roosevelt.
Following Roosevelt’s death, Truman directed the U.S. through World War II’s closing months,
Including the choice to use a nuclear bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in Japan.
He became president at one of the most important and difficult times in our America’s history, at the end of World War II. 
He had to create many hostile choices without being kept up-to-date as vice president.
Although controversial today, the history points us that he made smart decisions, and we are happy that at that moment he was in authority.
Under Truman’s leadership, the U.S. introduced the Berlin Airlift to fight the German capital’s Soviet blockade and established the multi-billion-dollar Marshall Plan to restore war-torn Europe.

08. John F. Kennedy aka JFK

best presidents

John Fitzgerald “Jack” Kennedy was 35th President of the United States from January 1961 to his assassination on November 1963, often known as JFK.
Americans and the world often consider him to be the young, talented guy whose career and life on that day of 22nd November 1963 in Dallas tragically ended. 
But for purposes other than that, Kennedy deserves a position on this list, as I may presume many Americans still consider him among the most loved presidents.
By negotiating with Soviet President Khrushchev, he receives significant marks here for his diplomatic management of the Cuban Missile Crisis. 
He also sought to bring an end to discrimination against race, supporting civil rights and racial integration.
He took the U.S. economy out of crisis through his reforms.

07. Thomas Jefferson

top 10 best presidents

Thomas Jefferson (March 4, 1801-March 4, 1809), third President of the United States, also played an important role in America’s birth.
This author of the Declaration of Independence was a scholar, statesman, and a very good leader. 
In 1803, he purchased territory from the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains from Napoleonic France at a bargain cost of just $15 million. 
Increasing the nation’s size in one blow under his leadership, and his brilliant mind shaped our country from its formation days.
This places him in the seventh spot in our top 10 best presidents as he was also one of the founding fathers.
The United States also battled its first foreign war, recognized as the First Barbary War, while Jefferson was in charge and shortly attacked present-day Libya.

06. Dwight D. Eisenhower

top 10 best presidents

The war in Korea stopped during the reign of Dwight Eisenhower (January 20, 1953-January 20, 1961), while the U.S. saw tremendous economic growth.
Perhaps the most important achievement of Eisenhower as president was to keep America out of the war.
As president, he faced issues that could quickly have escalated into conflict if someone else had been in control without such a presence of mind.
Besides, We can attribute him for his financial strategies that mainly contributed to the financial growth of the 1950s. 
Eisenhower issued legislation creating the interstate highway system and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration or NASA while in government.
Eisenhower kept a strong anti-communist position in foreign policy in Europe and Asia, increasing the nuclear arsenal of the nation and promoting South Vietnam’s capitalist regime.

05. Ronald Regan

top 10 best presidents
Ronald Reagan was an American movie actor turned politician who worked from 1981 to 1989 as the 40th U.S. president.
He as a person was inspiring, enthusiastic, and charming, but his presidency was much more than that.
His administration developed 16 million new employment opportunities, fueled a 2-decade-length economic boom.
Reagan’s economic policy’s four pillars were to reduce government spending, lower the federal income tax and investment gains tax, lower public regulation, and loosen money supply to decrease inflation.
His best achievement was ending the cold war.
Regan’s administration pushed his Strategic Defense Initiative relentlessly and helped the insurgents, particularly from Nicaragua to Angola, fighting Soviet-backed Communists.
These efforts were critical in the Soviet empire’s ultimate collapse and ended the Cold War finally.
Speaking in historical rankings of presidents personally, he is my favorite leader.
Reagan was the right man at the right time.

04.Theodore Roosevelt

presidential rankings

After the assassination of President McKinley, Theodore Roosevelt (September 14, 1901-March 4, 1909) went to power.
He was the youngest person to hold the presidential position when at 42. 
Roosevelt used his presidentship during his two terms to implement excellent national and foreign policy.
Also, he put in place regulations to curb the power of large corporations such as Standard Oil and the railroads of the nation. 
With the Pure Food and Drug Act, which gave birth to the present Food and Drug Administration, he also enhanced consumer protection and created the first national parks.
Roosevelt followed an aggressive foreign policy, negotiating the beginning of the war between Russia and Japan and creating the Canal of Panama.
Today, we can thank him for promoting child labor laws, women’s rights, an 8-hour working day, and building a new image of masculinity that combined education, bodily strength, and rugged individualism.

03. Franklin D. Roosevelt aka FDR

top 10 presidents

The longest-serving President of the United States was the FDR (March 4, 1933-April 12, 1945). 
Elected during the unfortunate times of the Great Economic Depression, he held the oval office from 1933 to only months before World War II ended in 1945.
During his presidential tenure, he planned to significantly extend the federal government’s function.
Depression-era federal programs such as Social Security, implemented during the government of FDR still exist, offering the most susceptible nation with fundamental economic protection. 
The U.S. also took on a prominent fresh role in global affairs because of the conflict, a stance it still holds.
Because of his economic, diplomatic and defense policies, many consider him one of the best presidents America ever had.

02.Abraham Lincoln

top 10 presidents

If not for Abraham Lincoln (March 4, 1861-April 15, 1865), who presided America during the Civil War, the U.S. might look different today.
Lincoln led the Union through four brutal years of civil war, removed slavery with the Proclamation of Emancipation, and created the basis for peace with the beaten South at the end of the American Civil War.
Unfortunately, Lincoln didn’t survive to see a country completely restored and united. 
John Wilkes Booth assassinated him in Washington, D.C., weeks before the official conclusion of the Civil War.
It was hard for me to make the top 10 best presidents list, especially the top two.
Abe Lincoln was great. He was a genius in coping with individuals, and he rendered his adversary friend repeatedly. 
He was frank and always attempted to do for America what was best.

01.George Washington

top 10 best presidents

On top of our list is a humble military general known as the father of the nation as the first president, George Washington.
George Washington is ranked as the best leader USA ever had and there is a reason for that.
During the American Revolution, he functioned as commander-in-chief and then presided over the 1787 Constitutional conventions. 
With no criterion for choosing a president, it fell to the members of the Electoral College to elect the nation’s first leader.
Over two terms, Washington has created many of the traditions that the oval office still follows today.
Worried that the president’s office should not be seen as a monarch’s cabinet but as one citizen, 
Washington preferred on calling him “Mr. President” rather than “Your Excellency.”
During his presidency, the U.S. developed government spending regulations, normalized relationships with Great Britain as it’s an old foe, and set the foundations for the future capital, Washington, D.C. 
George Washington refused to accept the position country’s highest post when requested for the third term. 
His explanation was, The presidency is not to be a seat from which to rule, a monarchy in Washington, or a peer down on it’s country’s citizens, but a place in which the Americans chose an individual to represent them. 
The world could be very different today if other power-hungry man than Washington was our first president.

We had some amazing people who served us as presidents. 
As this is the top 10 best presidents countdown, I couldn’t include them all. 
They were people of personality and intelligence, from various political parties and from various cultures. 
I carefully selected those who changed America & World for good.
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